A structure made of stone or brick that sticks out from and supports a wall of a building. (Cambridge Dictionary)
A projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building. (Merriam – Webster)
A structure of stone or brick built against a wall to strengthen or support it. (Oxford Dictionaries)
Buttresses are supports, usually made of stone or brick, that support a wall. (Collins Dictionary)
Example
Buttress meaning in Cambridge Dictionary

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/buttress